Major Theories Of Human Development

1 . Epigenetic hypothesis (EriksonErikson s epigenetic theory depicts personality development as a passage through eight sequential set ups of self-importance development from infancy through old age . harmonise to Erikson , the developing individual must master and resolve , to some(prenominal) extent , a core conflict or crisis during from each one stage by integrating personal needs and skills with the well-disposed and cultural demands and expectations of the environment . Passage to each developmental stage is dependent on the resolution of the core conflict of ht preliminary stage . No core conflict is completely bug out the hang , however (Mandleco 20042 . Psychoanalytic theory (FreudAccording to Freud , human mien is propel by psychodynamic forces within an individual s unconscious theme . drive to act by these internal forces , individuals repeatedly interact with their impertinent environment An individual s personality and psychosexual identity ar developed through the accumulation of these interacational experiences Personality consists of three components : id , self-importancetism and superego . The id is inborn , unconscious and driven by biologic instincts . The ego is a conscious and rational faculty . The superego is the internalisation of the clean values learnt from pargonnts and elders (Madleco 20043 ) Behaviorist theory (WatsonBehaviorism contends that human appearance after part be explained as just a relationship amidst a stimulus and a response , and learned behavior is just a conditioned responseEverything from speech to emotional responses ar simply patterns of stimulus and response . Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness . Emotions argon regarded simply as conditioned bodily responses to outside events . Thinking is explained simply as talking quietly . Watson believed that human behavior should be studied in a manner that allows the researcher to predict and control those behaviors (Klein 19894 ) clear instruct (Thorndike , mule driverBuilding upon the work of Thorndike , Skinner distinguished two types of behavior . Respondent behavior is based on reflexes and does not implore cultivation . For example , if one touches a hot pop , one will quickly remove one s give .

Operant behavior , however , is learnt , and is performed spontaneously rather than as an automatic response to a situation . According to Skinner most human behavior is operant . Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events , operant conditioning involves culture from consequences of our behavior (Klein 19895 ) loving learning theory (BanduraIn social learning theory , primary focus is given to learning experiences that add up through reciprocal social interactions Environmental or situational determinants are important , but interactions are thought to be the conduit for internalization of social and nonsocial cues for behavior . Bandura and colleagues investigated the effects of modeling and fictive on the behavior of young children They postulated that modeling and imitation are the primary interaction processes through which behavioral repertoires are acquired . Social learning theory emphasizes the socializing influence of the family (Lerner 19966 ) Cognitive theory (PiagetAccording to Piaget s cognitive theory , children s development is marked by periods when they are particularly sensitive and responsive to outside influences . However , children are not blank slates on which teachers compose whatever...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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