Monday, October 15, 2012

Claude Debussy, Duke Ellington, John Cage

One of these, Nocturnes, features the harmony and texture and seductive whole-tones characteristic of Debussy's compositions and his Etudes pay technical homage to Chopin "without sounding like an exercise" (Claude, p. 375).

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Pianist and composer Edward "Duke" Ellington was commonly regarded as the most effective jazz composer of his era, although he always wrote in "a number of styles reflecting at numerous times, the influences in the large band sound, swing, bop, cool jazz, rock and several forms of classical music" (Duke, p. 386). Ellington experimented with music throughout the course of his life. Recording with his very own orchestra, he produced a distinctive voice and showed remarkable creativity in helping to transform jazz on the likes of other musicians like Jimmy Blanton, John Coltrane and Charles Mingus. Swing jazz was essentially the dominant form of jazz music inside 1930s and 1940s. Swing rhythm was unique, featuring "a hard meter but a subtle avoidance of cadences and downbeats, in the soloist placing notes either just ah

 

ead or just behind the beat" in methods that highlight the rhythmic suppleness with the music (Duke, p. 387). Ellington's group did purpose as a dance band but they went beyond. Ellington composed what had been named "tone poems," like Black, Brown, and Beige, that traced the history of African People in the usa and suggested integration (Duke, p. 386). Ellington's work also included songs and instrumental music that highlighted the composer's own instrumentalists. Instrumental works like Black, Brown, and Beige, and These kinds of Sweet Thunder had been longer in type than most of Ellington's works and they have been modeled on classical music instead of jazz. Ellington continued to remain creative until the final days of his life.

Cage's works also included works for percussion. His experimentation did not end at his "chance" works, but also included the creation of a variety of certain timbres for piano by fitting the strings of the instrument with a quantity of objects from coins to rubber bands. Cage's work in electronically generated sound helped pave the way for electronic composition.

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